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Applies to Windows Server (Semi-Annual Channel), Windows Server 2016

This topic explains how to install Data Deduplication, evaluate workloads for deduplication, and enable Data Deduplication on specific volumes.

Note

If you're planning to run Data Deduplication in a Failover Cluster, every node in the cluster must have the Data Deduplication server role installed.

Install Data Deduplication

Important

KB4025334 contains a roll up of fixes for Data Deduplication, including important reliability fixes, and we strongly recommend installing it when using Data Deduplication with Windows Server 2016.

Install Data Deduplication by using Server Manager

  1. In the Add Roles and Feature wizard, select Server Roles, and then select Data Deduplication.
  2. Click Next until the Install button is active, and then click Install.

Install Data Deduplication by using PowerShell

To install Data Deduplication, run the following PowerShell command as an administrator:Install-WindowsFeature -Name FS-Data-Deduplication

To install Data Deduplication in a Nano Server installation:

  1. Create a Nano Server installation with the Storage installed as described in Getting Started with Nano Server.

  2. From a server running Windows Server 2016 in any mode other than Nano Server, or from a Windows PC with the Remote Server Administration Tools (RSAT) installed, install Data Deduplication with an explicit reference to the Nano Server instance (replace 'MyNanoServer' with the real name of the Nano Server instance):


    -- OR --
    Connect remotely to the Nano Server instance with PowerShell remoting and install Data Deduplication by using DISM:

Enable Data Deduplication

Determine which workloads are candidates for Data Deduplication

Data Deduplication can effectively minimize the costs of a server application's data consumption by reducing the amount of disk space consumed by redundant data. Before enabling deduplication, it is important that you understand the characteristics of your workload to ensure that you get the maximum performance out of your storage. There are two classes of workloads to consider:

  • Recommended workloads that have been proven to have both datasets that benefit highly from deduplication and have resource consumption patterns that are compatible with Data Deduplication's post-processing model. We recommend that you always enable Data Deduplication on these workloads:
    • General purpose file servers (GPFS) serving shares such as team shares, user home folders, work folders, and software development shares.
    • Virtualized desktop infrastructure (VDI) servers.
    • Virtualized backup applications, such as Microsoft Data Protection Manager (DPM).
  • Workloads that might benefit from deduplication, but aren't always good candidates for deduplication. For example, the following workloads could work well with deduplication, but you should evaluate the benefits of deduplication first:
    • General purpose Hyper-V hosts
    • SQL servers
    • Line-of-business (LOB) servers

Evaluate workloads for Data Deduplication

Important

If you are running a recommended workload, you can skip this section and go to Enable Data Deduplication for your workload.

To determine whether a workload works well with deduplication, answer the following questions. If you're unsure about a workload, consider doing a pilot deployment of Data Deduplication on a test dataset for your workload to see how it performs.

  1. Does my workload's dataset have enough duplication to benefit from enabling deduplication?Before enabling Data Deduplication for a workload, investigate how much duplication your workload's dataset has by using the Data Deduplication Savings Evaluation tool, or DDPEval. After installing Data Deduplication, you can find this tool at C:WindowsSystem32DDPEval.exe. DDPEval can evaluate the potential for optimization against directly connected volumes (including local drives or Cluster Shared Volumes) and mapped or unmapped network shares. Running DDPEval.exe will return an output similar to the following: Data Deduplication Savings Evaluation ToolCopyright 2011-2012 Microsoft Corporation. All Rights Reserved.Evaluated folder: E:TestProcessed files: 34Processed files size: 12.03MBOptimized files size: 4.02MBSpace savings: 8.01MBSpace savings percent: 66Optimized files size (no compression): 11.47MBSpace savings (no compression): 571.53KBSpace savings percent (no compression): 4Files with duplication: 2Files excluded by policy: 20Files excluded by error: 0

  2. What do my workload's I/O patterns to its dataset look like? What performance do I have for my workload?Data Deduplication optimizes files as a periodic job, rather than when the file is written to disk. As a result, it is important to examine is a workload's expected read patterns to the deduplicated volume. Because Data Deduplication moves file content into the Chunk Store and attempts to organize the Chunk Store by file as much as possible, read operations perform best when they are applied to sequential ranges of a file.

    Database-like workloads typically have more random read patterns than sequential read patterns because databases do not typically guarantee that the database layout will be optimal for all possible queries that may be run. Because the sections of the Chunk Store may exist all over the volume, accessing data ranges in the Chunk Store for database queries may introduce additional latency. High performance workloads are particularly sensitive to this extra latency, but other database-like workloads might not be.

    Note

    These concerns primarily apply to storage workloads on volumes made up of traditional rotational storage media (also known as Hard Disk drives, or HDDs). All-flash storage infrastructure (also known as Solid State Disk drives, or SSDs), is less affected by random I/O patterns because one of the properties of flash media is equal access time to all locations on the media. Therefore, deduplication will not introduce the same amount of latency for reads to a workload's datasets stored on all-flash media as it would on traditional rotational storage media.

  3. What are the resource requirements of my workload on the server?Because Data Deduplication uses a post-processing model, Data Deduplication periodically needs to have sufficient system resources to complete its optimization and other jobs. This means that workloads that have idle time, such as in the evening or on weekends, are excellent candidates for deduplication, and workloads that run all day, every day may not be. Workloads that have no idle time may still be good candidates for deduplication if the workload does not have high resource requirements on the server.

Enable Data Deduplication

Before enabling Data Deduplication, you must choose the Usage Type that most closely resembles your workload. There are three Usage Types included with Data Deduplication.

  • Default - tuned specifically for general purpose file servers
  • Hyper-V - tuned specifically for VDI servers
  • Backup - tuned specifically for virtualized backup applications, such as Microsoft DPM

Enable Data Deduplication by using Server Manager

  1. Select File and Storage Services in Server Manager.
  2. Select Volumes from File and Storage Services.
  3. Right-click the desired volume and select Configure Data Deduplication.
  4. Select the desired Usage Type from the drop-down box and select OK.
  5. If you are running a recommended workload, you're done. For other workloads, see Other considerations.

Note

You can find more information on excluding file extensions or folders and selecting the deduplication schedule, including why you would want to do this, in Configuring Data Deduplication.

Enable Data Deduplication by using PowerShell

  1. With an administrator context, run the following PowerShell command:

  2. If you are running a recommended workload, you're done. For other workloads, see Other considerations. Download channel partner driver.

Note

The Data Deduplication PowerShell cmdlets, including Enable-DedupVolume, can be run remotely by appending the -CimSession parameter with a CIM Session. This is particularly useful for running the Data Deduplication PowerShell cmdlets remotely against a Nano Server instance. To create a new CIM Session run New-CimSession.

Other considerations

Important

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If you are running a recommended workload, you can skip this section.

  • Data Deduplication's Usage Types give sensible defaults for recommended workloads, but they also provide a good starting point for all workloads. For workloads other than the recommended workloads, it is possible to modify Data Deduplication's advanced settings to improve deduplication performance.
  • If your workload has high resource requirements on your server, the Data Deduplication jobs should be scheduled to run during the expected idle times for that workload. This is particularly important when running deduplication on a hyper-converged host, because running Data Deduplication during expected working hours can starve VMs.
  • If your workload does not have high resource requirements, or if it is more important that optimization jobs complete than workload requests be served, the memory, CPU, and priority of the Data Deduplication jobs can be adjusted.

Frequently asked questions (FAQ)

I want to run Data Deduplication on the dataset for X workload. Is this supported?Aside from workloads that are known not to interoperate with Data Deduplication, we fully support the data integrity of Data Deduplication with any workload. Recommended workloads are supported by Microsoft for performance as well. The performance of other workloads depends greatly on what they are doing on your server. Marvell others driver. You must determine what performance impacts Data Deduplication has on your workload, and if this is acceptable for this workload.

What are the volume sizing requirements for deduplicated volumes?In Windows Server 2012 and Windows Server 2012 R2, volumes had to be carefully sized to ensure that Data Deduplication could keep up with the churn on the volume. This typically meant that the average maximum size of a deduplicated volume for a high-churn workload was 1-2 TB, and the absolute maximum recommended size was 10 TB. In Windows Server 2016, these limitations were removed. For more information, see What's new in Data Deduplication.

Do I need to modify the schedule or other Data Deduplication settings for recommended workloads?No, the provided Usage Types were created to provide reasonable defaults for recommended workloads.

What are the memory requirements for Data Deduplication?At a minimum, Data Deduplication should have 300 MB + 50 MB for each TB of logical data. For instance, if you are optimizing a 10 TB volume, you would need a minimum of 800 MB of memory allocated for deduplication (300 MB + 50 MB * 10 = 300 MB + 500 MB = 800 MB). While Data Deduplication can optimize a volume with this low amount of memory, having such constrained resources will slow down Data Deduplication's jobs.

Optimally, Data Deduplication should have 1 GB of memory for every 1 TB of logical data. For instance, if you are optimizing a 10 TB volume, you would optimally need 10 GB of memory allocated for Data Deduplication (1 GB * 10). This ratio will ensure the maximum performance for Data Deduplication jobs.

What are the storage requirements for Data Deduplication?In Windows Server 2016, Data Deduplication can support volume sizes up to 64 TB. For more information, view What's new in Data Deduplication.

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Windows 8 disables standard Windows 2000 Display Driver Model (XDDM) mirror drivers and offers the desktop duplication API instead. The desktop duplication API provides remote access to a desktop image for collaboration scenarios. Apps can use the desktop duplication API to access frame-by-frame updates to the desktop. Because apps receive updates to the desktop image in a DXGI surface, the apps can use the full power of the GPU to process the image updates.

Updating the desktop image data

DXGI provides a surface that contains a current desktop image through the new IDXGIOutputDuplication::AcquireNextFrame method. The format of the desktop image is always DXGI_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_UNORM no matter what the current display mode is. Along with this surface, these IDXGIOutputDuplication methods return the indicated types of info that help you determine which pixels within the surface you need to process:

  • IDXGIOutputDuplication::GetFrameDirtyRects returns dirty regions, which are non-overlapping rectangles that indicate the areas of the desktop image that the operating system updated since you processed the previous desktop image.
  • IDXGIOutputDuplication::GetFrameMoveRects returns move regions, which are rectangles of pixels in the desktop image that the operating system moved to another location within the same image. Each move region consists of a destination rectangle and a source point. The source point specifies the location from where the operating system copied the region and the destination rectangle specifies to where the operating system moved that region. Move regions are always non-stretched regions so the source is always the same size as the destination.

Suppose the desktop image was transmitted over a slow connection to your remote client app. The amount of data that is sent over the connection is reduced by receiving only data about how your client app must move regions of pixels rather than actual pixel data. To process the moves, your client app must have stored the complete last image.

While the operating system accumulates unprocessed desktop image updates, it might run out of space to accurately store the update regions. In this situation, the operating system starts to accumulate the updates by coalescing them with existing update regions to cover all new updates. As a result, the operating system covers pixels that it has not actually updated in that frame yet. But this situation doesn’t produce visual issues on your client app because you receive the entire desktop image and not just the updated pixels.

To reconstruct the correct desktop image, your client app must first process all the move regions and then process all the dirty regions. Either of these lists of dirty and move regions can be completely empty. The example code from the Desktop Duplication Sample shows how to process both the dirty and move regions in a single frame:

Rotating the desktop image

You must add explicit code to your desktop duplication client app to support rotated modes. In a rotated mode, the surface that you receive from IDXGIOutputDuplication::AcquireNextFrame is always in the un-rotated orientation, and the desktop image is rotated within the surface. For example, if the desktop is set to 768x1024 at 90 degrees rotation, AcquireNextFrame returns a 1024x768 surface with the desktop image rotated within it. Here are some rotation examples.

Display mode set from display control panelDisplay mode returned by GDI or DXGISurface returned from AcquireNextFrame
1024x768 landscape1024x768 0 degree rotation1024x768[newline]
1024x768 portrait768x1024 90 degree rotation1024x768[newline]
1024x768 landscape (flipped)1024x768 180 degree rotation1024x768[newline]
1024x768 portrait (flipped)768x1024 270 degree rotation1024x768[newline]

The code in your desktop duplication client app must rotate the desktop image appropriately before you display the desktop image.

Note

In multi-monitor scenarios, you can rotate the desktop image for each monitor independently.

Updating the desktop pointer

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You need to use the desktop duplication API to determine if your client app must draw the mouse pointer shape onto the desktop image. Either the mouse pointer is already drawn onto the desktop image that IDXGIOutputDuplication::AcquireNextFrame provides or the mouse pointer is separate from the desktop image. If the mouse pointer is drawn onto the desktop image, the pointer position data that is reported by AcquireNextFrame (in the PointerPosition member of DXGI_OUTDUPL_FRAME_INFO that the pFrameInfo parameter points to) indicates that a separate pointer isn’t visible. If the graphics adapter overlays the mouse pointer on top of the desktop image, AcquireNextFrame reports that a separate pointer is visible. So, your client app must draw the mouse pointer shape onto the desktop image to accurately represent what the current user will see on their monitor.

To draw the desktop’s mouse pointer, use the PointerPosition member of DXGI_OUTDUPL_FRAME_INFO from the pFrameInfo parameter of AcquireNextFrame to determine where to locate the top left hand corner of the mouse pointer on the desktop image. When you draw the first frame, you must use the IDXGIOutputDuplication::GetFramePointerShape method to obtain info about the shape of the mouse pointer. Each call to AcquireNextFrame to get the next frame also provides the current pointer position for that frame. On the other hand, you need to use GetFramePointerShape again only if the shape changes. So, keep a copy of the last pointer image and use it to draw on the desktop unless the shape of the mouse pointer changes.

Window Duplicator Kit

Note

Together with the pointer shape image, GetFramePointerShape provides the size of the hot spot location. The hot spot is given for informational purposes only. The location of where to draw the pointer image is independent to the hotspot.

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This example code from the Desktop Duplication Sample shows how to get the mouse pointer shape:

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